What is meant by solvation? nonpolar solute surrounded by polar solvent polar solute surrounded by nonpolar solvent ionic solute surrounded by nonpolar solvent ionic solute surrounded by polar solvent

ionic solute surrounded by polar solvent

Explanation:

In the process of solvation the polar solute ions are surrounded by the polar dipoles of the solvent molecule. For example when NaCl dissolves in water the Na⁺ cation is surrounded by the partially negatively charged O atoms of water molecules. Similarly, Cl⁻ anion is surrounded by the partially positively charged H atoms of water molecules.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.