Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? electronegativity. polarity. oxidation. reduction?

Electronegativity.
Electronegativity can be defined as the measure of affinity of the element towards electrons . Higher the affinity towards electrons higher the electronegativity.
Eg : Fluorine has a high electronegativity. This is because it has 7 valence electrons, to gain a noble gas configuration / complete outer shell it needs to gain one electron. Hence the positive nuclear charge of the nucleus will attract an electron so it can become a complete outer shell , therefore F is very reactive.
Higher the attraction of the nucleus to electrons , higher its affinity therefore higher electronegativity.

Idk the answer sorry

The problem here is that according to aufbau principle before 3d orbital 4s subshell comes.after filling 3p orbital with electrons you have 4 electrons left, you place two in 4s with opposite spin and the other two in 3d in any of its two orbitals of total five orbitals with the same spin.