Water treatment plants commonly use chlorination to destroy bacteria. a byproduct is chloroform (chcl3), a suspected carcinogen produced when hocl, formed by the reaction of cl2 and water, reacts with dissolved organic matter. the united states, canada, and the world health organization have set a limit of 100. ppb of chcl3 in drinking water. convert this concentration into molarity, molality, mole fraction, and mass percent. enter your answers in scientific notation.

Molarity :M =  8.368.10⁻⁷

molality = 8.368.10⁻⁷

mole fraction  = 1.508 .10⁻⁸

mass percent = 10⁻⁵%

The concentration of a substance can be expressed in several quantities such as moles, percent (%) weight/volume,), molarity, molality, parts per million (ppm) or mole fraction. Concentration shows the amount of solute in a unit of the amount of solvent.

Molality shows how many moles are dissolved in every 1000 grams of solvent.

m = Molality

n = number of moles of solute

p = solvent mass (1000 grams)

Mole itself is the number of particles contained in a substance

amounting to 6.02.10 ^ 23

Mole can also be sought if the amount of substance mass and its molar mass is known

Molarity is a way to express the density of the solution

Molarity shows the number of moles of solute in every 1 liter of solute or mmol in each ml of solution

Where

M = Molarity

n = Number of moles of solute

V = Volume of solution

ppb mean : part per billion or 1 : 10⁹, the convertion are :

1 ppm = 1 mg/l

1 ppm = 1000 ppb

1 ppb = 10⁻³ mg/l

100 ppb = 0.1 mg/l = 10⁻⁴ g/l

molar mass CHCl₃ = 12 + 1 + 35.5 .3 = 119.5 grams/mole

mole CHCl₃ = mass : molar mass

mole CHCl₃ = 10⁻⁴ g : 119.5

mole CHCl₃ = 8.368.10⁻⁷

Because the water(solvent) = 1 L, so the molarity :

M = mol : L

M = 8.368.10⁻⁷ : 1 L

M =  8.368.10⁻⁷

mole CHCl₃ = 8.368.10⁻⁷

Solvent = 1 L = 1 Kg(ρ water = 1 g/ml or 1 kg/L)

molality = mole : 1 kg solvent

molality = 8.368.10⁻⁷  : 1

molality = 8.368.10⁻⁷

mole water = 1000 gr : 18 (molar mass H₂O)

mole water = 55.5

mole fraction = mole CHCl₃ : (mole H₂O + mole CHCl₃)

mole CHCl₃ is considered very small, then

mole fraction = mole CHCl₃ : mole H₂O

mole fraction = 8.368.10⁻⁷ : 55.5

mole fraction  = 1.508 .10⁻⁸

mass CHCl₃ = 10⁻⁴ grams

mass H₂O = 1000 grams

mass percent = mass CHCl₃ : (mass CHCl₃+mass H₂O) x 100%

mass CHCl₃ is considered very small, then

mass percent = (mass CHCl₃ : mass H₂O)x 100%

mass percent = 10⁻⁴  : 10³ x 100%

mass percent = 10⁻⁵%

the molality of the solution

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the difference between molarity and molality

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Keywords: molality, molarity, mass percent, mole fraction

answer

fusion: the energy source of stars. the energy released from the collapse of the gas into a protostar causes the center of the protostar to become extremely hot. when the core is hot enough, nuclear fusion commences. fusion is the process where two hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom, releasing energy.

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explanation: