If a mineral has a daughter to parent ratio of 3: 1 (three daughter atoms for every one parent atom), how many half lives have passed since the mineral formed

25% means has 2 halflives old.

The rock is 57 million years, which would be multiplied to 2(halflives) = 114 million years old.

Therefore, the halflives of the mineral formed is 2 and 1 halflife there is a total of 57 million years.

alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.