What is the difference between the valence electrons and the valency of an element?

Valency is the number of bonds an element or an atom can form. Whereas valence electrons are the electrons that take part in chemical bond formation. The formation of bonds between the atoms are explained by valency. Whereas, the elemental character of an atom is explained by the valence electrons.

what does the table look like

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be