The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but energy can change. 1. Its total mass
2. its total volume
3. from one form to another
4. from one state to another

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Explain the relationship between forward and backward reactions in equilibrium, and predict how changing the amount of a reactant (creating a tension) will affect that relationship.

Which of these conditions most likely produces an unstable isotope?