when drawing lewis structures, is it ever allowed for an atom in the second row of the periodic table to have more than an octect of valence

no it is not allowed

Explanation:

Liwis structure shows the elements symbol with dots thet represents valance electrons ; in second row elements their atomic number is 3 up to 10 , from Li up to Ne from their electron configuration their valance electron will be from 1 up to 8 respectivelly ,if lewis structure represents the element with it is symbol and dots that represents valance electron the second row elements cannot have more than an octet of valance electrons surrounding it.

the ideal gas law equation is as follows

pv = nrt

where p - pressure

v - volume

n - number of moles

r - universal gas constant

t - temperature

so if the pressure, volume and temperature are already known

we are left with n and r

since r is the universal gas constant that has a known fixed value then r too is known

so we are left with 'n'

once we know temperature volume and pressure

we can find the number of moles of gas present using the ideal gas law equation

this is not my own answer, this is an answer for the same question by the user blahblahmali. i do not claim ownership of this account.

i think the answer is terrae but not 100 percent sure. ▓▬▬ §