Convection occurs because: Question 11 options: Small earthquakes occur within the Earth's crust causing rocks to shake and change temperature. Oceanic crust is being destroyed at deep ocean trenches. Molten rock comes close to the Earth's core it heats up, becomes less dense and rises and the molten rock near the Earth's crust cools down, becomes more dense, and sinks causing the cycle of convection. Convection does not occur within the Earth.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

fe 55.85 g/mol and h2o 18.02 g/mol.