Consider the dissolution of CaCl₂: CaCl₂(s) → Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) ∆H = -81.5 kJ/mol
A 15.0-g sample of CaCl₂ is dissolved in 255.0 g water with both substances at 25.0°C. Calculate the final temperature (in °C) of the solution assuming no heat loss to the surroundings and assuming the solution has a specific heat capacity of 4.184 J/°C･g.

In vapor-liquid equilibrium in a binary mixture, both components are generally present in both phases. how many degrees of freedom are there for such a system? the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia occurs in the gas phase. how many degrees of freedom are there for this system? steam and coal react at high temperatures to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. the following reactions have been suggested as being involved in the chemical transformation: