How do ionization energies change with increasing atomic number (i) down a group of elements in the periodic table and (b) from left to right across a period of elements?

Which function is performed by earths atmosphere? a. ultraviolet rays are prevented from reaching the ozone layer. b. earths temperature is raised and moderated by trapping in heat c. charged particles from the sun are prevented from reaching earth. d. magnetic charges from space are prevented from reaching earths surface.

The name of the ion, s2-, is: sulfurous ion sulfide ion sulfur ion sulfate ion

What volume would 2.25 moles of ne has occupy at stp?