Part 1 - Argument: A student was adding baking soda and vinegar in a bottle. They then put a balloon on top of the
bottle immediately after adding them together. The student observed that the balloon inflated
and got larger. The student then predicted that the chemical reaction between the vinegar
and the baking soda had created brand new matter, and would have more mass at the
end of the reaction. Would you agree with the student's prediction or not? Explain your
answer,

I would not

While the reaction of putting vinegar and baking soda together does create Cabon Dioxide, something has to come from something, the only occurrence of something from nothing was the literal creation of the universe. Thus, I conclude that it was created from two substances combining. It was the pairing of the two that created this because they both made the result. It would actually have less mass at the end because gas has less mass than liquids and solids.

when 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l naoh was mixed in a calorimeter with 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l hcl, both initially at 20.0 °c, the temperature increased to 22.1 °c. the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 279 j/°c.

the equation for the reaction is:

naoh + hcl → nacl + h₂o

moles of hcl = 0.0250 l hcl ×

0.700

mol hcl

1 l hcl = 0.0175 mol hcl

volume of solution = (25.0 + 25.0) ml = 50.0 ml

mass of solution = 50.0 ml soln ×

1.00

ml soln

= 50.0 g soln

δt=t2-t1

= (22.1 – 20.0) °c = 2.1 °c

the heats involved are

heat from neutralization + heat to warm solution + heat to warm calorimeter = 0

q1+q2+q3=0

nδh+mcδt+cδt=0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 50.0 g × 4.184 j·g⁻¹°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c + 279 j°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 439.32 j + 585.9 j = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

= -1025.22 j

δh=1025.22j0.0175 mol= -58 600 j/mol = -58.6 kj/mol