Peroxyacetyl nitrate PAN là chất gây kích ứng phổi có trong khói quang hóa. Giả sử sự phân hủy của PAN tuân theo động học bậc 1, có hằng số tốc độ 0,0217 s-1
. Xác định thời gian để ½ lượng PAN biến mất.

They can measure  the amount of energy gained or lost

Firstly, the water in the dams hold gravitational potential energy as they are above ground level. the gravitational potential energy is then transferred to kinetic energy as it falls, spinning the turbinethe turbine then spins the generator, which is a large magnet surrounded by metal coils. by doing this, the generator generates electricity. in this action, the energy transfer taken place is kinetic to electric energy

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