An electric kettle uses electrical energy to boil water. Energy from the electricity is transferred to the water, heating it up. An electric ice maker also uses electrical energy, but it freezes water to form ice. Since energy can’t be created or destroyed, and water loses potential energy when it freezes to form ice, what happens to the energy put into the ice maker and the energy released by the water?

b.final

particle   p is an electron and particle q is a neutron

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.