What kinds of materials can laboratories test?

What is driving behind plate tectonics (plate movment)? a) gravity only b) inertia c) convection and gravity d) the sun theres no option for science so i picked chemistry. plz

Achemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. the chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solution containing 0.75 grams of copper (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction? a) approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant b) approximately 1.8 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant c) approximately 0.36 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant d) approximately 1.8 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant

The identities of substances are the same before and after which type of change