Compared to an atom of phosphorus-31, an atom of sulfur-32 contains
(1) one less neutron (3) one more neutron
(2) one less proton (4) one more proton

Answer;

(2) one less proton

Explanation;

-Sulfur-32 is an isotope of sulfur that contains 16 protons, 16 electrons and 16 neutrons. Since the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons then its mass number is 32.

-On the other hand, phosphorus-31 which is an isotope of phosphorus, contains 16 neutrons, 15 protons and 15 electrons, thus its mass number is 31.

-Therefore; Phosphorus has 1 less proton and electron than sulfur in this case because the number of protons are equal to the number of electrons in the element.

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alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.