An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. this shows that the substance is a base. is water. is an acid. is an alkaloid.

Answer : The correct option is, an acid.

Explanation :

Indicators : It is a substance that gives the visible sign by the color change of the chemical species like an acid or a base.

Phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red, etc are the type of acid-base indicators which changes the color based on pH values. They are used in the acid-base titration.

The given indicator is, methyl orange.

The role of methyl orange indicator is that it imparts yellow color to an alkaline or basic solution and it is red color in acidic solution.

From the given problem, we conclude that the unknown solution is acidic in nature that changes the color of a methyl orange indicator from yellow to red.

Hence, the substance is an acid.

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answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.