What forces keep balanced rock in a canyon in idaho balanced on it'so tiny pedestal

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct

Write the empirical chemical formula of calcium with a mass percent of 38.8, phosphorus with a mass percent of 20.0, and oxygen with a mass percent of 41.3.

Three cards with holes are arranged in a straight line. a light is shined through the first card’s hole and travels through all three cards. what does this tell you about light rays? a) that light is reflected b) that light is refractive c) that light travels in a straight line d) that light does not travel in a straight line