What are the two causes of density in deep current waters?
a.
salinity (how much salt) of the water and high temperatures
c.
oxygen content of the water and high temperatures .
b.
salinity (how much salt) of the water and low temperatures
d.
oxygen content of the water and low temperatures

Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Salinity is defined as the amount of salt present in water.

Density plays an important role in the formation of deep current waters.

Also it is known that density is the degree of compactness. So, more is the salinity of water more will be the number of particles present in water, therefore, more will be the compactness.

As a result, density will increase with increase in salinity.

On the other hand, at low temperatures molecules will stay closer to each other and this will also lead to increase in density.

Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options salinity (how much salt) of the water and low temperatures are the two causes of density in deep current waters.

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when 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l naoh was mixed in a calorimeter with 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l hcl, both initially at 20.0 °c, the temperature increased to 22.1 °c. the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 279 j/°c.

the equation for the reaction is:

naoh + hcl → nacl + h₂o

moles of hcl = 0.0250 l hcl ×

0.700

mol hcl

1 l hcl = 0.0175 mol hcl

volume of solution = (25.0 + 25.0) ml = 50.0 ml

mass of solution = 50.0 ml soln ×

1.00

ml soln

= 50.0 g soln

δt=t2-t1

= (22.1 – 20.0) °c = 2.1 °c

the heats involved are

heat from neutralization + heat to warm solution + heat to warm calorimeter = 0

q1+q2+q3=0

nδh+mcδt+cδt=0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 50.0 g × 4.184 j·g⁻¹°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c + 279 j°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 439.32 j + 585.9 j = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

= -1025.22 j

δh=1025.22j0.0175 mol= -58 600 j/mol = -58.6 kj/mol