Chemistry, 30.01.2020 05:57 Queiao4088

An equilibrium mixture contains 0.600 mol of each of the products (carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas) and 0.200 mol of each of the reactants (carbon monoxide and water vapor) in a 1.00-l container. how many moles of carbon dioxide would have to be added at constant temperature and volume to increase the amount of carbon monoxide to 0.300 mol once equilibrium has been reestablished?

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Answers

$\boxed{0.{\text{3 mol}}}$ of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ are added so as to increase the amount of carbon monoxide to 0.3 mol.

Further Explanation:

Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the concentration of reactants and products become constant and do not change with time. This is because the rate of forward and backward direction becomes equal. The general equilibrium reaction is as follows:

${\text{P(g)}} + {\text{Q(g)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{R(g)}} + {\text{S(g)}}$

Equilibrium constant is the constant that relates to the concentration of product and reactant at equilibrium. The formula to calculate the equilibrium constant for the general reaction is as follows:

${\text{K}}=\dfrac{{\left[ {\text{R}} \right]\left[ {\text{S}}\right]}}{{\left[{\text{P}}\right]\left[ {\text{Q}} \right]}}$

Here,

K is the equilibrium constant.

P and Q are the reactants.

R and S are the products.

The given reaction is as follows:

${\text{CO}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2} + {{\text{H}}_2}$

The expression for the equilibrium constant for the given reaction is as follows:

${\text{K = }}\dfrac{{\left[ {{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]\left[{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]}}{{\left[ {{\text{CO}}}\right]\left[{{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}} \right]}}$ .......(1)

Here,

K is the equilibrium constant.

$\left[{{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]$ is the concentration of carbon dioxide.

$\left[{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]$ is the concentration of hydrogen.

$\left[{{\text{CO}}}\right]$ is the concentration of carbon monoxide.

$\left[{{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}}\right]$ is the concentration of water.

Substitute 0.6 mol/L for $\left[{{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]$ , 0.6 mol/L for $\left[{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]$ , 0.2 mol/L for $\left[{{\text{CO}}}\right]$ and 0.2 mol/L for $\left[{{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}}\right]$ in equation (1).

$\begin{aligned}{\text{K}}&=\frac{{\left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.6 mol/L}}} \right)\left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.6 mol/L}}} \right)}}{{\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.2 mol/L}}} \right)\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.2 mol/L}}} \right)}}\\&= 9\\\end{aligned}$

The value of equilibrium constant comes out to be 9 and it remains the same for the given reaction.

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate .

$\left[{{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]=\dfrac{{{\text{K}}\left( {\left[{{\text{CO}}} \right]\left[{{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}}\right]}\right)}}{{\left[{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]}}$ ......(2)

Substitute 9 for K, 0.3 mol/L for $\left[{{\text{CO}}}\right]$ , 0.2 mol/L for $\left[{{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}}\right]$ and 0.6 mol/L for $\left[{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]$ in equation (2).

$\begin{aligned}\left[ {{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}\right]&= \frac{{{\text{9}}\left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.3 mol/L}}}\right)\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.2 mol/L}}}\right)}}{{{\text{0}}{\text{.6 mol/L}}}}\\&= 0.{\text{9 mol/L}}\\\end{aligned}$

Initially, 0.6 moles of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ were present in a 1-L container. But now 0.9 moles of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ are present in it. So the extra amount of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ added}}&= 0.{\text{9 mol}} - {\text{6 mol}}\\&= 0.{\text{3 mol}}\\\end{aligned}$

Therefore 0.3 moles of carbon dioxide are added in a 1-L container.

Learn more:

1. Calculation of equilibrium constant of pure water at 25°c:

2. Complete equation for the dissociation of (aq):

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Equilibrium

Keywords: CO, H2, CO2, H2O, 0.9 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L, 0.6 mol/L, 0.3 mol/L, K, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen, carbon monoxide

Answer from: Quest

Ions gain or lose electrons

Answer from: Quest

chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. some reactions produce heat and are called exothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction to occur, which are called endothermic reactions. understanding chemical changes is a major part of the science of chemistry.