Chemistry, 15.12.2019 12:31 smallblueberry

Which nuclear emission is negatively charged?
(1) an alpha particle
(2) a beta particle
(3) a neutron
(4) a positron

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Answer from: GalaxyWolf1895

The nuclear emission that is negatively charged is $\boxed{{\text{2}}{\text{. a beta particle}}}$ .

Further Explanation:

Radioactive decay:

Also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, nuclear or radioactive disintegration. It is the process due to which an unstable atomic nucleus releases its energy in the form of various particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma particles.

Following are the types of radioactive decays:

1. Alpha decay

In this decay, alpha particles are emitted by unstable nuclei. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons. It has a charge of +2. The general equation for an alpha decay is as follows:

$_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} \to _{{\text{Z - 2}}}^{{\text{A - 4}}}{\text{X}} + _{\text{2}}^{\text{4}}{\text{He}}$

2. Beta decay

In this decay, beta particles are produced. This occurs when the nucleus decays continuously and emits an electron or a positron. The general equation for beta decay is as follows:

$_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} \to _{{\text{Z + 1}}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} + _{{\text{ - 1}}}^{\text{0}}{\beta }}$

Beta decay is further classified as follows:

(a) ${\beta }}^-}$ decay: In this decay, an electron and an electron antineutrino are emitted. The atomic number of the element is increased by one. Its general equation is as follows:

$_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}\to _{{\text{Z+1}}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}+{e^-}+{\mathop{\text{v}}\limits^-_{\text{e}}}$

(b) ${\beta }}^+}$ decay or positron emission: In this decay, a positron and an electron neutrino are emitted. The atomic number of the element is decreased by one. Its general equation is as follows:

$_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} \to _{{\text{Z}} - 1}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}+{e^+}+{{\text{v}}_{\text{e}}}$

3. Gamma decay

In this decay, gamma rays are emitted. Energy is emitted during gamma decay but the number of protons remains unaltered. The general equation for gamma decay is as follows:

$_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} \to _{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}} + _{\text{0}}^{\text{0}}{{\gamma }}$

4. Neutron emission

It is the type of radioactive decay that occurs when one or more neutrons are ejected from a nucleus. Neutrons are the subatomic particles with no charge. Since only neutrons are removed from the atom, the number of protons as well electrons remain unaltered. This results in the formation of an isotope of the same element.

Therefore the negatively charged nuclear emission is a beta particle because an electron that is a negatively charged species is lost in ${\beta }}^-}$ decay, a type of beta decay.

Learn more:

1. What nuclide will be produced in the given reaction?

2. Calculate the nuclear binding energy:

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Nuclear chemistry

Keywords: alpha particle, beta particle, gamma decay, positron, negatively charged, neutron emission, radioactivity, radioactive decay, unstable atomic nucleus.

Answer from: Quest

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Answer from: Quest

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