How do the polarization make the cell defective​

Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Polarization is a defect that occurs in simple electric cells due to the accumulation of hydrogen gas around the positive electrode. In simple cells, hydrogen gas is evolved as a result of chemical reactions taking place inside the cell

the ideal gas law equation is as follows

pv = nrt

where p - pressure

v - volume

n - number of moles

r - universal gas constant

t - temperature

so if the pressure, volume and temperature are already known

we are left with n and r

since r is the universal gas constant that has a known fixed value then r too is known

so we are left with 'n'

once we know temperature volume and pressure

we can find the number of moles of gas present using the ideal gas law equation

this is not my own answer, this is an answer for the same question by the user blahblahmali. i do not claim ownership of this account.

a) the particles of the chair are strongly held together.