Ammonia has been studied as an alternative "clean" fuel for internal combustion engines, since its reaction with oxygen produces only nitrogen and water vapor, and in the liquid form it is easily transported. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a tank with of ammonia gas and of oxygen gas, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the amount of water vapor to be . Calculate the concentration equilibrium constant for the combustion of ammonia at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to significant digits.

0.364

Explanation:

Let's do an equilibrium chart for the reaction of combustion of ammonia:

2NH₃(g) + (3/2)O₂(g) ⇄ N₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)

4.8atm 1.9atm 0 0 Initial

-2x -(3/2)x +x +3x Reacts (stoichiometry is 2:3/2:1:3)

4.8-2x 1.9-(3/2)x x 3x Equilibrium

At equilibrium the velocity of formation of the products is equal to the velocity of the formation of the reactants, thus the partial pressures remain constant.

If pN₂ = 0.63 atm, x = 0.63 atm, thus, at equilibrium

pNH₃ = 4.8 - 2*0.63 = 3.54 atm

pO₂ = 1.9 -(3/2)*0.63 = 0.955 atm

pH₂O = 3*0.63 = 1.89 atm

The pressure equilibrium constant (Kp) is calculated with the partial pressure of the gases substances:

Kp = [(pN₂)*(pH₂O)³]/[(pNH₃)²*]

Kp = [0.63*(1.89)³]/[(3.54)²*]

Kp = 4.2533/11.6953

Kp = 0.364

alfred von schlieffen, german army chief of staff, was given instructions to devise a strategy that would be able to counter a joint attack. in december, 1905, he began circulating what later became known as the schlieffen plan. schlieffen argued that if war took place it was vital that france was speedily defeated.

answer: c.

explanation: