The theory of evolution states

the theory of evolution states that all living things which exist today, and many more that are now extinct, evolved from simple life forms which first developed 3 billion years ago.

Explanation:

i believe it is-

d.) gravity pulled particles of dust and gas together to form planets.

< > according to newton's third law of motion, forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. another way of saying this is for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.< >