How does a sodium atom make a sodium ion

How much would the freezing point of water decrease if 4 mol of sugar were added to 1 kg of water(k=1.86 c/mol/kg for water and i=1 for sugar

The content of manganese (mn) in steel was determined spectrophotometrically and with the use of the standard addition method. an unknown sample of mn from a digested steel sample gave an absorbance of 0.185 when analyzed spectrophotometrically. when 5.00 ml of solution containing 95.5 ppm mn was added to 50.0 ml of the unknown steel solution (digested sample), the absorbance was 0.248. calculate the concentration, in parts-per-million (ppm), of mn in the digested steel sample solution.

What is the approximate vapor pressure when the gas condenses at 70 degrees celsius