Which layer over time due to chemical and physical weathering leads to the other layers?

chemical weathering occurs on the surface of minerals, the water and acids that control chemical weathering require access to the surface. Physical weathering breaks the rock to provide that surface

"standard molar enthalpy:

h2o ( liquid water ) : - 285.8 kj/mole

h2o ( water vapor ) : - 241.8 kj / mole.

δhrxn = - 241. 8 - ( - 285.8 )= -241.8 + 285.8 = 44.0

answer: 44.0 kj"