Identify the number of valence electrons in each atom:
a. Calcium
b. Carbon
c. Sulfur

-Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S₈. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature.

(Atomic number: 16

Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s²3p⁴

Electrons per shell: 2,8,6

Electronegativity: 2.58)

-Calcium is the 20th element, with 20 protons. Since a stable atom has a net charge of 0, we must have 20 electrons.

-Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust.

(Symbol: C

Atomic mass: 12.0107 u

Atomic number: 6

Electrons per shell: 2, 4

Electron configuration: [He] 2s22p2

Electronegativity: 2.55)

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.