ontrast the mechanisms of the following two reactions, the dehydration and condensation of ethanol. Part A The first step of dehydration of ethanol is . The first step of condensation of ethanol is . The first step of dehydration of ethanol is . The first step of condensation of ethanol is . protonation, deprotonation protonation, protonation deprotonation, protonation deprotonation, deprotonation Request Answer Part B Dehydration of ethanol is , condensation of ethanol is . Dehydration of ethanol is , condensation of ethanol is . a substitution, an elimination an elimination, a substitution a substitution, a substitution an elimination, an elimination Request Answer

Part A: Protonation, Protonation

Part B: An elimination, A substitution

Explanation:

The dehydration ethanol and the condensation of ethanol all begin from the protonation of ethanol. This is because, water is a good leaving group. Thus, the protonation of the -OH moiety of the molecule is the first step in each mechanism.

The dehydration of ethanol is an elimination reaction because it involves the loss of H-O-H from the ethanol molecule while the condensation of ethanol is an substitution reaction because the -OH moiety is replaced by -OCH2CH3.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.