How can the rate of a reaction be decreased?

adding a catalyst

reducing the surface area

raising the temperature

increasing the amount of reactants

reducing the surface area

Explanation:

a)  adding a catalyst: Adding a catalyst increases the rate of reaction as catalyst lowers the activation energy and thus more reactants can cross the energy barrier. Thus increasing the rate of reaction.

b) reducing the surface area: If the reactants are present in larger size, thus having lesser surface area. Thus the rate of the reaction will be less as lesser surface will be available for reaction.

c) raising the temperature: Increasing the temperature increases the energy of the reactants and more it can interact and thus increasing the rate of the reaction.

d) increasing the amount of reactants : Rate law says that rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants. Thus increasing the amount of reactants increases the rate of reaction.

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.