A concept map for four types of intermolecular forces and a certain type of bond is shown. No

Yes

Are ions

present?

No

No

Are molecules

with permanent

dipoles present?

Are polar

molecules

present?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Is H atom

bonded to F, O, or

Natom?

No

A

С

D

E

Compare the relative strength of the two forces A and B. Explain how you determined this comparison by identifying the forces.

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

From the concept map given:

A = Londen forces or dispersion forces:

Dispersion Forces: Type of intermolecular forces between non-polar molecules having no dipole moment

For example: CO2 -- CO2 bonding

B =  Dipole - Dipole intermolecular forces: Type of intermolecular forces between molecules having permanent dipole moment.

For example: HCL --- HCL bonding.

C = Hydrogen Bonding: Type of intermolecular forces exist between H of one molecule with electronegative (F/O/N) of other molecule.

For example: H20 -- H20 bonding

D = Ion - Dipole intermolecular forces: Type of intermolecular forces exists between ions and molecules having dipoles.

For Example: NaCl

Comparison between C and D:

Ion-Dipole forces are stronger than H-bonding because the charge of any ion is greater than the partial charge of polar molecules. That is why ions bind better to polar molecules than polar - polar molecules.

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.