From 1962 until 1981 pennies were made from 95% copper and 5% zinc and had a mass of 3.1 g. Starting in 1982, pennies have been made from 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper and have a mass of 2.5 g. Suppose you have a sample of pennies that consists of 45.4% pre-1982 pennies. Determine the average mass of a penny in this sample.