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Answer :

(a) Reactant Mg is oxidized and reactant Fe is reduced.

(b) Reactant C is oxidized and reactant Cu is reduced.

Explanation :

As we know that a reactant is either reduced or oxidized in a chemical reaction.

Part (a):

The given word equation of chemical reaction is:

Magnesium metal + Aqueous iron (III) sulphate → Iron metal + Aqueous magnesium sulphate

The balanced chemical equation of this word equation will be:

In this reaction, the oxidation state of reactant Mg changes from (0) to (+2) that shows oxidation due to increase in oxidation state. So, we can say that Mg is oxidized.

And, the oxidation state of reactant Fe changes from (+3) to (0) that shows reduction due to decrease in oxidation state. So, we can say that Fe is reduced.

Part (b):

The given word equation of chemical reaction is:

Solid carbon + Solid copper oxide → Carbon dioxide gas + Copper metal

The balanced chemical equation of this word equation will be:

In this reaction, the oxidation state of reactant C (carbon) changes from (0) to (+4) that shows oxidation due to increase in oxidation state. So, we can say that C is oxidized.

And, the oxidation state of reactant Cu changes from (+2) to (0) that shows reduction due to decrease in oxidation state. So, we can say that Cu is reduced.