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In which situation can a mixture always be called a solution

Which process does not require the presence of a physical substance in order to transfer heat? air in the atmosphere is heated by the ground. this warm air then rises, and cooler air falls. this is an example of what type of process? how is conduction different from radiation?

What is the binding energy of a nucleus that has a mass defect of 5.81*10-^29 kg a 5.23*10-^12 j b 3.15* 10^12 j c 1.57*10-3 j d 9.44*10^20 j