Which of the following is a reaction that relies on electrolysis? A. conversion of iron to iron oxide
B. conversion of aluminum to aluminum oxide
C. conversion of water to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
D. conversion of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas to nitrogen monoxide

C - choice

Explanation:

In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction takes place, with electrons (e−) from the cathode being given to hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas. The half reaction, balanced with acid, is: Reduction at cathode: 2 H+(aq) + 2e− → H2(g) ... Oxidation at anode: 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4e.

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.