Which of the following elements has two valence electrons?

Ineed to find the answer of this question because i dont understand it

How many mmols of tris-hcl are there in 100 ml of a 100 mm tris-hcl buffer solution at ph 8.1? note that the 100 mm refers to the sum of tris and tris-hcl concentrations?

Which statement is true about the model of the electromagnetic spectrum a: it change the frequencies of light. b: it compare wavelengths of light. c: the color of light waves can be changed using the model. d: the intensities of light waves can be decreased using the model.