What is the best way to compare a concentrated solution to a dilute solution, given the same volume of solution?

Molarity comparison is the best

Concentrated solution have high molarity as compared to diluted solution

if two electrons have the same n, the same ℓ, and the same ml, then they are in the same orbital. the pauli exclusion principle states that no two identical fermions (a fancy word for electrons and other subatomic particles like electrons) may occupy the same quantum state in an atom simultaneously.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.