8. How are convection currents in the mantle (geosphere) and in the oceans (hydrosphere) similar? How are they different?

Mantle convection is the slow creeping motion of Earth's rocky mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior of the earth to the surface while convection current in ocean in; Solar radiation affects the oceans: warm water from the Equatortends to circulate toward the poles, while cold polar water heads towards the Equator. The surface currents are initially dictated by surface wind conditions. The trade winds blow westward in the tropics, and the westerlies blow eastward at mid-latitudes. This wind pattern applies a stress to the subtropical ocean surface with negative curl across the northern hemisphere, and the reverse across the Southern Hemisphere. The resulting Sverdrup transport is equator ward.Because of conservation of potential vorticity caused by the poleward-moving winds on the subtropical ridge's western periphery and the increased relative vorticity of poleward moving water, transport is balanced by a narrow, accelerating poleward current, which flows along the western boundary of the ocean basin, outweighing the effects of friction with the cold western boundary current which origniates from high latitudes

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quartz

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