A reaction is spontaneous under a certain set of conditions. Select all equations that must be true for this reaction under these conditions: 1) ΔGrxn < 0

2) ΔGrxn > 0

3) ΔGrxn = 0

4) ΔGrxn∘ < 0

5) ΔGrxn > 0

6) ΔGrxn∘ = 0

7) ΔHrxn < 0

8) ΔHrxn > 0

9) ΔHrxn = 0

10) ΔSrxn < 0

11) ΔSrxn > 0

12) ΔSrxn = 0

13) Q = K

14) Q < K

15) Q > K

At noon, Manny's Café had 12 banana muffins, 10 chocolate muffins, 6 blueberry muffins, and 7 vanilla muffins. What is the probability that the next muffin sold is a vanilla muffin? How likely is this event?

The probability that the next muffin sold is a vanilla muffin is  

. It is  

that this event occurs.

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms