3. is the ease with which gases, liquids or plant roots can or pass through the soil.

Soil permeability

Explanation:

Soil permeability is the ease with which gases, liquids or plant roots can penetrate or pas through the soil.

It is an important factor when considering soil property for agricultural purposes.

Soil permeability is predicated on soil pores. The space between grains of soil is known as the pores spaces. When the spaces are interconnected, a soil will have a good permeability.

7is b8 is d9 is c10 is a11 is d

The problem here is that according to aufbau principle before 3d orbital 4s subshell comes.after filling 3p orbital with electrons you have 4 electrons left, you place two in 4s with opposite spin and the other two in 3d in any of its two orbitals of total five orbitals with the same spin.