How do scientists use pH scale?

In vapor-liquid equilibrium in a binary mixture, both components are generally present in both phases. how many degrees of freedom are there for such a system? the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia occurs in the gas phase. how many degrees of freedom are there for this system? steam and coal react at high temperatures to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. the following reactions have been suggested as being involved in the chemical transformation:

The bohr model of the atom explained why emission spectra are discrete. it could also be used to explain the photoelectric effect. which is a correct explanation of the photoelectric effect according to the model?

Why do the strengths of london (dispersion) forces generally increase with increasing molecular size? choose one: a. heavier atoms have stronger attractions for each other than lighter atoms. b. dispersion forces are all equal in magnitude; there is no size dependence. c. dispersion forces arise from the attraction between the nuclei of atoms, and larger molecules have larger nuclei. d. dispersion forces arise from dipoles caused by the electron distribution being distorted. larger molecules have more electrons and, therefore, more distortions and a bigger force. e. dispersion forces depend on distance. larger molecules are farther apart and so the forces are smaller.