Consider the reaction of (R)-2-chloro-3-methylbutane with sodium iodide to form a product.

1(a) Draw the reaction scheme with the correct stereochemistry (reactant + NaI → product

+ NaCl). Circle the nucleophile and draw a rectangle around the electrophile.

1(b) What is the symbol used for mechanism shown in 1(a)?

1(c) If the sodium iodide was replaced with sodium hydroxide, the product is an ALKENE. Draw a reaction MECHANISM to show how this happens.

1(d) Draw the reaction energy diagram for the reaction in 1(c) and label the activation

energy.

1(e) Using any alcohol with five carbons, and any carboxylic acid with six carbons, draw a

reaction to show how we would make an ester.

1(f) Describe the practical on esters.

See explanation and image attached

Explanation:

Now let us consider the reaction closely, The reaction of (R)-2-chloro-3-methylbutane with sodium iodide is an SN2 reaction that occurs with inversion of stereochemistry.

When the OH^- is used, the reaction proceeds by E2 elimination giving the alkene product as shown in the image attached to this answer.

The reaction of a five-carbon alkanol and an acid to form an ester is also shown in the image attached to this answer.

To prepare an ester. the glassware must first be dried. The alkanol and alkanoic acid are added and refluxed in a magnetic stirrer and conc H2SO4 is added. A thermometer should be present in the set up. The refluxing should continue for about 60 minutes.

the enthalpy of formation of water is given as -285.8kj/mol, which states that the enthalpy of formation is negative.

negative enthalpy of formation indicates that the heat is released during the reaction process. the heat is released from reaction to the surroundings the enthalpy is expressed with a negative sign with the energy given out in the reaction process.

the formation of water takes place by giving out heat which is -285.8 kj/mol.