Distilled white vinegar is used for cooking but can also be used in many applications for cleaning. The active ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid (, ). If a brand of household vinegar produces a pH of 3.5, what is the initial molar concentration of acetic acid (assuming it is the only substance contributing to pH)

5.7 × 10⁻³ M

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required data

pH of the solution: 3.5

Ka of acetic acid: 1.8 × 10⁻⁵

Step 2: Calculate the concentration of H⁺

pH = -log [H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -3.5 = 3.2 × 10⁻⁴

Step 3: Calculate the initial molar concentration of acetic acid (Ca)

Acetic acid is a weak acid. We can calculate its initial concentration using the following expression.

Ca = [H⁺]²/Ka

Ca = (3.2 × 10⁻⁴)²/1.8 × 10⁻⁵

Ca = 5.7 × 10⁻³ M

answer: -

reaction:

na + cl ⇌ nacl

balanced chemical equation:

na + 2cl ⇌ nacl2

sodium + clorine goes to form sodium chloride (table salt).

the product is nacl2.

and the reactants are na and cl.

(note: if you don’t know what ⇌ means, read below: -

⇌(double head arrow) means reversible reaction).

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