50 mL of 2.2 M HCl is combined with 50 mL of 2.0 M NaOH in a coffee-cup calorimeter. The temperature of the solution increases 13.4°C. Assume the
calorimeter is a perfect insulator and the mixture has a specific heat capacity identical
to pure water (4.184 wc)
.
Calculate the heat change from the chemical reaction (in units of kJ). (Pay attention to
sign conventions and do not write the units in your typed answer.)

-56.1kJ/mol

Explanation:

The reaction between HCl and NaOH is:

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + ΔH

Where ΔH is heat change in  the reaction.

As the temperature of the solution increases, the heat is released and ΔH < 0

The heat released in the reaction is obtained using coffe-cup calorimeter equation:

Q = C×m×ΔT

Where Q is heat

C is specific heat of the solution (4.184J/g°C)

m is mass of solution: Assuming density = 1g/mL, 100mL of solution = 100g

And ΔT is change in temperature (13.4°C)

Replacing:

Q = C×m×ΔT

Q = -4.184J/g°C×100g×13.4

Q = -5606.6J

Now, in the reaction you have:

Moles HCl:

0.050L * (2.2mol/L) = 0.11 moles

Moles NaOH:

0.050L * (2.0mol/L) = 0.1 moles

That means the moles of reaction are 0.1 moles, and heat change in the chemical reaction is:

5606.6J / 0.1 mol = 56066J =

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.

b) nuclear ive learned that in a pedtrodic table