The pH of a sample of lake water was originally 6 when measured in 1987. When measured again in 2014, the pH of the water was 4. How has the concentration of hydrogen ions in the lake changed?

a. The concentration of hydrogen ions has increased by a factor of 2.
b. The concentration of hydrogen ions has increased to 10 times its original value.
c. The concentration of hydrogen ions has increased to 100 times its original value.
d. The concentration of hydrogen ions has decreased by a factor of 2.

it is called acid bonding

a mercury barometer is a device that uses the physical properties of mercury in a tube to measure barometric pressure. mercury barometers are used for : -

1. measurement of atmospheric pressure  

2. determining the altitude of a place

3. weather forecasting

4. calibration and checking of aneroid barometers

5. application in fluid mechanics

6. measurement of pressure in aircrafts

7. surface weather analysis

8. preparation of barographs

9. usage in physical sciences like physics, astronomy & chemistry

10. preparation of aircraft altimeters

characteristics of mercury barometer : -

1.used to define and measure atmospheric pressure.

2.on the average at sea level the column of mercury rises to a height of about 760 mm.

3.this quantity is equal to 1 atmosphere.

4.it is also known as standard atmospheric pressure.

5.a barometer in which the weight of a column of mercury in a glass tube with a sealed top is balanced against that of the atmosphere pressing on an exposed cistern of mercury at the base of the mercury column, the height of the column varying with atmospheric pressure.