How do electrons in the same atom differ?

Electrons in the same atom differ because they can have different quantum numbers

Atoms consist of sub-particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons

The proton is positively charged (+1), the electron is negatively charged (-1). and neutrons not charged (neutral)

The electron configuration shows the energy level in the atom

The further away from the core, the higher the energy level

In the electron configuration we follow 3 rules:

Each orbital consists of 4 quantum numbers

From Pauli's rule, an electron can have 3 same but different quantum numbers in ms (quantum spin)

For example in the 1s orbital, then the quantum value of the 2 electrons that occupy the orbital:

Therefore, in one orbital it is not allowed to fill more than 2 electrons because the quantum numbers will be the same

distance, luminosity, brightness, radius, chemical composition, and temperature

answer : a model is often used to explain and make things easier to understand when any scientific topic needs to be demonstrated and explained.

as in this case where a scientist wants to use a model to present the results of his detailed scientific investigation. he should do it as it will him to make the audience understand the concept in a much better way. also, it can be changed according to new scientific understandings.