Non-metals form covalenrt chlorides because (a) they can give electrons to chlorine
(b) they can share electrons with chlorine
(c) they can give electrons to chlorine atom to form chloride ion
(d) they cannot share electrons with chlorine atom

b) they can share electrons with chlorine.

Explanation:

non metals required very high energy to gain or lose electrons, so they share electrons

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.  

> b takes place in the gas phase in an isothermal tubular reactor. the feed is one mole of a per one mole of c, an inert. the entering temperature and pressure are 427°c and 10 atm, respectively. the gas constant r = 0.08206 atm · l/mol · k.