If the size, mass, and arrangement of atoms affect the density of a substance. How might these factors work together to cause a substance to have a low density?

 The size, mass, and arrangement of atoms affect the density of a substance. How might these factors work together to cause a substance to have a high density? A substance with smaller more massive atoms that are close together is going to have a higher density.

Explanation:

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be