Explain why the second ionisation energy of calcium is more
endothermic than the 1st ionisation
energy of calcium?

in the given question, the partial pressure is calculated by using the ideal gas equation, that is, pv = nrt

here, p is pressure, v is volume = 25 l, n is number of moles = 0.0104 moles, r is gas constant = -0.0821 l.atm / mol.k

t is temperature = 273 k

p = nrt / v

p = (0.0104 mol × 0.0821 l.atm / mol.k × 273 k) / 25 l

= 0.0093 atm

cytokinesis is the splitting of a cell membrane to form 2 identical daughter cells. it's similar to mitosis as both cells have identical copies of dna and cytokinesis is a step in the mitotic cycle.

your answer is a. the enthalpy of formation for a pure element in its standard state is always positive.