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Describe how the forward and reverse reactions in a reversible reaction lead to equilibrium. How does equilibrium relate to the reaction rates of the forward and reverse reactions?

Reaching Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Position

When a system consists of competing forward and reverse reaction rates, the reaction will proceed until chemical equilibrium is reached. Consider the following general reaction between A and B:

A

⇌

B

Let’s say that A and B are introduced into a reaction vessel, and a reaction begins to proceed. The concentrations of A and B will change over time, until they reach equilibrium.

image

Concentration vs. time for a reversible reaction: Note that equilibrium is reached when both the curves plateau, and the concentrations of both reactants and products do not change afterward.

Note that over time, the curves level out, or plateau, and the concentrations of A and B are no longer changing. This is the point at which the system has reached chemical equilibrium. While there are various factors that can increase or decrease the amount of time it takes for a given system to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium position itself is unaffected by these factors. For instance, if a catalyst is added to the system, the reaction will proceed more quickly, and equilibrium will be reached faster, but the concentrations of both A and B will be the same at equilibrium for both the catalyzed and the uncatalyzed reaction.

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- decrease the number of plants and animals living in the water.