Refer to the following illustration to answer this Question.

A ball model of a water molecule H sub 2 O with the label in the presence of water. A chemical formula with ball models of compounds. H is shown as a white ball. CL is show as a larger green ball. The formula is HCL arrow H super script plus added to C l subscript minus.
What is the role of water in this illustration?

A)
It Keeps things cool
B)
It separates the hydrogen ion (H+) from the chlorine ion (Cl–).
C)
It reacts to form hydrogen (H)
D)
it keeps things moist

Option (B) It separates the hydrogen ion (H+) from the chlorine ion (Cl–).

Explanation:

The reaction above simply illustrate the dissociation of HCl when dissolve is water.

When HCl is dissolved in H2O, it will separate into the hydrogen ion, H+ and chloride ion Cl- as shown below

HCl —> H+ + Cl-

The water help to separate the H+ from the Cl-

part 1: the half-life of the element is 22 years.

part 2: it will take 132.02 year for the sample to decay from 308.0 g to 4.8125 g.

explanation:

part 1: there are two ways to determine the half life time.

first way: the half life time can be determined directly from its definition as it is the time required for the sample to decay to its half concentration.

from the data the initial concentration was 45.0 g and decayed to its half value (22.5 g) in 22.0 years.

second way: the radio active decay is considered first order reaction so we can use the laws of first order reactions.

k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x), where k is the rate constant of the reaction,

t is the time of the reaction

a is the initial concentration of the reactant

a-x is the remaining concentration at time (t)

a = 45.0 g the initial concentration at t = 0 year.

at t = 22 year, a-x = 22.5 g

then k = (1/22 year) ln (45.0 g/ 22.5 g) = 0.0315 year-1.

the half-life time (t1/2) = ln 2/ k = 0.693/ k =0.693/ 0.0315 = 22 years.

part 2:

using the same law k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x),

using the given data; a = 308.0 g and a-x = 4.8125 g and the calculated k from the part 1 (k = 0.0315 year-1)

t = (1/k) ln (a/a-x) = (1/0.0315) ln (308.0/ 4.8125) = 132.02 years

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.