Identify each of the following as either a physical change or a chemical change. explain your answers.

a. a piece of wood is sawed in half.
b. milk turns sour.
c. melted butter solidifies in the refrigerator.

A would be Physical

B would be Chemical

and C would be Physical

Explanation:

A would be physical because the wood is physically changing

B would be chemical because it's still milk but it now had clumps called curds and a very sour taste

C would be physical because the melted butter is physically changing from melted butter to solid butter.

Hope this helps.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

nuclear fission produces elements that are heavier than helium.

the elements that are used in nuclear fission and their products are much heavier than helium.